https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/175 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 04:33:47 GMT 2026-07-17T04:33:47Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/184 Title: ANALYZING CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES WITHIN KATHMANDU VALLEY Authors: Dhonju, Ganesh Ram; Shakya, Subarna Abstract: Over the past decade, rapid progress in ICT has encouraged governments to incorporate new technology into their national development strategies. With the growing demands of citizens and changing global rules and regulations, governments are under pressure to deliver quality services at right time. E-government has recently emerged in Nepal that‟s why so many issues remain problematic for initiation e-services in local government. The current stages of municipalities within Kathmandu Valley were investigated by using four stage e government maturity model (information, interaction, transaction, integration). An understanding of the current status of e-government in local government can help policy makers in the country pursue development of the public sector organizations on the one hand, and would be of importance for Nepal's economic future success on the other. Identifying the precise problem is important in order to overcome the inherent challenges. Valuable primary data is collected from questionnaire survey and content analysis. Different challenges regarding initiation of e-based services in municipalities are categories into Financial, Human, Organizational, Technical and Legal & other challenges. The current status of e-based services delivery initiatives in Municipalities and problematic challenges in implementation of e-based services initiatives were being investigated. Lack of strategic plans, change management, budget constraint, weak infrastructure, literacy, lack of construction knowledge, lacks of leadership supports, security and privacy are found to be the most problematic challenges regarding implementation of e-service in municipalities Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/184 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/183 Title: RICE PLANT DISEASE DETECTION USING TWIN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (TSVM) Authors: Chawal, Bikash; Panday, Sanjeev Prasad Abstract: Crop disease epidemics can cause severe losses and affect agricultural products and food security especially in south Asian countries and Nepal where rice is enjoyed as a staple throughout the year. To achieve automatic diagnosis of crop disease the proposed system aims to develop a prototype system for detection of the paddy disease. Image recognition of the disease would be conducted based on Image Processing techniques to enhance the quality of the image and Twin Support Vector Machine (TSVM) technique to classify the paddy disease. The methodology involves image acquisition, pre-processing, analysis and classification of the paddy disease. All the paddy sample images will be passed through the RGB calculation before it proceeds to the binary conversion. If the sample is in the range of normal paddy RGB, then it is automatically classify as normal. Then, all the segmented paddy disease sample will be converted into the binary data in data base before proceed through the TSVM for training and testing. The proposed system is targeted to achieve better recognition results. Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/183 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/182 Title: EFFECT OF COARSE AGGREGATE SOURCES ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS GRADE OF NOMINAL MIXED CONCRETE Authors: Prajapati, Jeetendra; Karanjit, Sudip Abstract: Various grades of nominal mix concrete from low to medium strength are being used in building construction works in Kathmandu Valley. The aim of the study was to investigate the source effect of various types of coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of different grade of nominal mix concrete. Here, 5 different types of coarse aggregates sources were selected (A-Panauti, B-Melamchi, C-Chaukidada, D-Khopasi and E Kaaldhunga) based on field enquiry and questionnaire survey with suppliers and contractors. Majority of coarse aggregates were angular in shape with a few sub angular and flaky types. From physical test result, most of the coarse aggregates were found to be graded type with partial deviation from the gradation limitation of IS383:1970. Based on specific gravity and dry-rodded bulk density, coarse aggregates can be classified as medium weight aggregates. Mechanical test of aggregate shows all the aggregates are of medium strength with variation in mechanical properties among them. The next stage of study is related to determination of compressive strength. Total 90 concrete cubes of size 15 cm were made of 3 different grades of nominal mix M1 (1:2:4), M2 (1:2:3) and M3 (1:1.5:3) by weight. Water/cement ratio, cement, sand, water were kept constant for each mix ratio while only coarse aggregate sources were chosen as variable. Due to change in aggregate type only, variation in 28 days target compressive strength is found up to 47%. Sample C, D and E showed relatively higher 28 days compressive strength compared to Sample A and B. The results indicate that the coarse aggregate source has significant variation in the compressive strength of various grade of nominal mix concrete. The variation in compressive strength is relatively significant for lean mix concrete (1:2:4 & 1:2:3) compared to rich mix concrete (1:1.5:3). In terms of concrete cube failure mechanism, the cubes made of sample A & B failed by coarse aggregate crushing while the major failure mechanism in sample C, D & E was initiated by bond failure. Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/182 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/181 Title: CASE STUDY FOR REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL LIGHTS BY LED LIGHTS Authors: Duwal, Indu Abstract: With the increment in the gap between the demand and supply of energy, various alternatives for decreasing the demand of energy are major concern for the various stakeholders. In order to decrease the energy demand by lighting various energy efficient lights are available in market. However it is difficult to convince the residents to change conventional artificial light sources, since lighting system is an essential part in the building which ensures the comfort, productivity and safety of the occupants in the buildings. Among the various Light Emitting Diode (LED) lights are termed as one of the most efficient energy saving lights which aims to save almost more than 50 % of energy demand than that of CFL lights with same power of illumination. Hence, this study is carried out to calculate energy saving percentage after replacing the conventional lights like florescent, mercury lights and other forms of conventional lights by LED lights. Additionally the study also was focused to evaluate feasibility of the replacement of lights by LED lights in terms of energy saving and return of investment. The research was carried out in building used by Agrotechnology and Food Science (AFSG) science group of Wageningen University in the Netherlands. The results from the study showed that almost 50% of the energy can be saved after replacement by LED lights with around 5 years for return of investment. However, factors like 1) Number of operating hours, 2) Price of lights, 3) Energy cost, 4) Labour cost for replacement and adjustment and 5) Number of replacement and adjustment per hour are the influential features that effects in the performance of various types of lights. Fri, 01 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/181 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z