https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/690 Fri, 17 Jul 2026 04:30:09 GMT 2026-07-17T04:30:09Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/696 Title: LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS OF JUGAL RURAL MUNICIPALITY, SINDHUPALCHOK Authors: Pradhan, Prateek; Dahal, Bhim Kumar Abstract: Hilly and mountainous areas of Nepal, with challenging terrain, young geology, and heavy monsoon rainfall, are susceptible to landslides and slope instability. To analyze and prepare landslide susceptibility maps, this study selects a typical hilly area, the Jugal Rural Municipality in Sindhupalchok district. Twelve factors contributing to landslides were considered, including slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use, proximity to roads and drainage, plan curvature, profile curvature, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), soil type and rainfall. Moreover, 286 landslides were identified using high-resolution satellite imagery and field verification as the landslide inventory. These landslides were then randomly divided into two sets: 70% for training and 30% for validation. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed using factor maps and the landslide inventory map. Notably, the analysis revealed a Prediction Rate (PR) of 9.35 for ’Land use’, the highest among all factors considered. Since land use is a dynamic factor, we recommend conducting an analysis of land use changes and their impact on landslide susceptibility. Such an assessment would be invaluable during the planning and execution phases of development projects in Nepal’s disaster-prone regions. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/696 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/695 Title: DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR LOSS REDUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF KATUNJE FEEDER, BHAKTAPUR Authors: Gwachha, Rakesh; Malla, Tanus Bikram; Bhattarai, Yogesh; Gautam, Rupesh Abstract: The power distribution system has difficulties with regard to power loss and unacceptable voltage drops as a result of the rapidly expanding power system network, rising electrical energy consumption, and longer distances of power distribution. A typical strategy to address the issues with the distribution system is to perform distribution system reconfiguration. The study focuses on distribution feeder reconfiguration of the Katunje Feeder of Bhaktapur, Nepal where optimization problem is formulated to minimize the system active power loss and investment cost of the system. Genetic algorithm is employed in a co-simulation framework to solve the optimization problem where states of 26 different tie switches are to be altered to achieve the desired optimum results. Two cases are formulated: in case I active power loss is assigned more weight than investment cost whereas, in case II equal weights are assigned for active power loss and investment cost. The results showed the reduction in active power loss and investment cost for both the cases. Case I resulted in more active power loss reduction compared to case II, and case II resulted in more investment cost reduction compared to case I. From this, decision makers can obtain insights in adopting one of the cases for distribution feeder reconfiguration based on technical consideration (active power loss reduction) or economic consideration (investment cost reduction). Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/695 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/694 Title: FACTORS DETERMINING THE ADOPTION OF INDUCTION STOVE FOR HOUSEHOLD COOKING IN BHAKTAPUR Authors: Bajracharya, Yogesh; Adhikari, Pujan; Sharma, Bishnu Prasad Abstract: The current global warming trend is unequivocally the result of human activities and is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over the millennia. About 6.7 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are caused by household cooking. It is essential to expand the use of clean fuels and technologies to reduce household emissions. Most households in urban areas use LPG for cooking purposes along with a gradual introduction of electric induction stoves. The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors determining the choice of induction stoves for household cooking. Primary data were collected from 300 households of Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi Municipalities in March, 2021. Binomial Logit regression was performed to examine the determinant of induction stove adoption by household. LPG is the primary source of cooking for household. Sixty seven percent of households use electricity partially for cooking purposes. Forty five percent of total households use an electric rice cooker and 27 percent use an induction stove. Twenty six percent of households do not know about induction stoves. The family’s education level, particularly the cooking member, is the primary determinant of adopting an induction stove. The probability of adoption of induction stoves increases with an increase in income. Families living in their own houses are more likely to use induction stoves than those living in rented houses. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/694 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/693 Title: SITE SPECIFIC NON-LINEAR GROUND RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION STUDY OF NEWLY CONSTRUCTED DHARAHARA TOWER Authors: Katuwal, Santosh; Bijukchhen, Subeg Man; Kawan, Chandra Kiran; Shilpakar, Anjali Abstract: This study investigates the seismic performance of the recently reconstructed Dharahara tower, a historically significant monument in Nepal, that has experienced damage in past earthquakes and was completely destroyed in the recent Gorkha earthquake. Ground Response Analysis (GRA) and Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) investigations are conducted to assess its structural behavior. GRA includes free field and structure-influenced analyses, with subsequent comparative assessment. Additionally, 3D non-linear finite element analysis is employed to derive equivalent spring constants representing soil and foundation characteristics, which are incorporated into the SSI analysis. These computed spring constants are used to model support conditions, allowing for an evaluation of the super-structural response. The study also employs non-linear dynamic analysis to compare structural responses between fix-based and spring-based models. The results indicate that the presence of the structure significantly influences surface wave motion amplification in GRA, resulting in peak ground accelerations (PGAs) that exhibit de-amplification in the free field and amplification in the presence of the structure. Furthermore, the introduction of an equivalent spring system in the soil-structure model changes the system’s vibration period and damping characteristics, leading to enhanced dynamic response compared to the fixed-base model. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://elibrary.khec.edu.np/handle/123456789/693 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z