A Detail Design of Rcc T-Girder Bridge Over Dhokaphedi Khola

Abstract

In Nepal, bridge construction is influenced by economic constraints, geographic conditions, technical capabilities, social factors, and the lack of a comprehensive road network. Bridge construction in Nepal faces several challenges, including inadequate geotechnical investigation, faulty design and poor maintenance, improper construction methodology, inferior quality of works, and economic constraints. These issues often lead to expensive failures, lengthy delays, and poor site management. Despite these challenges, the primary focus of bridge construction in Nepal is to ensure their unrestricted operability, even after exposure to severe dynamic forces such as earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis. The design life of all permanent bridges is a minimum of 50 years, and they are designed for a discharge of 100 years return period. Additionally, the construction of vital bridges also aims to increase power generation. Project-based learning is crucial in providing students with the necessary skills to apply the theoretical knowledge they've acquired from their coursework to practical scenarios in the field of civil engineering. In addition to serving as a requirement for obtaining a Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering, we believe that this project has equipped us with a wide range of skills, innovative ideas, and the motivation needed to tackle any problem within the realm of Civil Engineering. This hands-on experience has not only enhanced our understanding of the subject matter but also prepared us for real-world challenges in our future careers. The group initiative titled "A DETAIL DESIGN of RCC T-GIRDER BRIDGE OVER DHOKAPHEDI KHOLA" pertains to the creation of a mid-range, single-lane bridge with a 30m span. The structure, which includes a single span, two identical abutments, and a foundation, has been conceptualized, scrutinized, and constructed in accordance with the standard procedures for constructing local bridges, strictly adhering to the provisions of the IRC code. The superstructure components have been analyzed for two primary load combinations, namely, dead load and live load (IRC Class A and IRC 70R Loadings), taking into account their impact effect. Seismic load combinations and braking effects have also been factored in for the structural components. A significant factor contributing to the collapse of any structure is the lack of proper analysis and design. This project involves the examination and design of the structural A Detail Design of Bridge Over Dhokaphedi Khola, Makwanpur Group M IV elements of the Dhokaphedi Khola Bridge. Upon obtaining the initial design of the bridge, a comprehensive structural design is executed, referencing IRC: 112-2011, IRC: 6-2017, IRC: 78-2014, IRC: SP: 69-2011, IRC: 5, SP: 13-2020, IRC: 83-2015(Part I, Part II), and NBS-2067. The loads considered include dead load, live load, and seismic load. After identifying and evaluating all loads acting on the bridge, the structure's design is manually completed. The detailed design of each structural element is also based on the provisions provided by the relevant code. Following the detailed design, the results are compiled, and the structural drawings (detailing) are presented. Thus, the detailed design is carried out.